Search results for "Intestinal Hormones"

showing 7 items of 7 documents

Glucagon-like peptide-2 modulates neurally evoked mucosal chloride secretion in guinea pig small intestine in vitro

2009

Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is an important neuroendocrine peptide in intestinal physiology. It influences digestion, absorption, epithelial growth, motility, and blood flow. We studied involvement of GLP-2 in intestinal mucosal secretory behavior. Submucosal-mucosal preparations from guinea pig ileum were mounted in Ussing chambers for measurement of short-circuit current ( Isc) as a surrogate for chloride secretion. GLP-2 action on neuronal release of acetylcholine was determined with ELISA. Enteric neuronal expression of the GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R) was studied with immunohistochemical methods. Application of GLP-2 (0.1–100 nM) to the serosal or mucosal side of the preparations evoke…

MaleTime FactorsPhysiologyVasoactive intestinal peptideHormones and SignalingFluorescent Antibody TechniqueSettore BIO/09 - FisiologiaEnteric Nervous SystemMembrane PotentialsIntestinal mucosaGlucagon-Like Peptide 2Receptors GlucagonNeuropeptide YIntestinal MucosaNeurotransmitter Agentsdigestive oral and skin physiologyGastroenterologygastrointestinal hormoneGlucagon-like peptide-2ImmunohistochemistrySomatostatinmedicine.anatomical_structureenteric nervous system; gastrointestinal hormones; intestine; mucosal secretionGlucagon-Like Peptide-2 ReceptorSomatostatinhormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonistsVasoactive Intestinal Peptideendocrine systemmedicine.medical_specialtyGuinea PigsMotilityEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayIleumIn Vitro TechniquesBiologyCholine O-AcetyltransferaseChloridesIleumPhysiology (medical)Internal medicinemedicineAnimalsintestineIntestinal SecretionsHepatologymucosal secretionAcetylcholineElectric StimulationSmall intestineEndocrinologyGlucagon-Like Peptide-2 Receptor
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The glucagon-like Peptide-2

2011

Multiple peptide hormones produced within the gastrointestinal system act also in the central nervous system and aid in the regulation of energy homeostasis and metabolism. The list of these peptides is progressively increasing and includes glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) as an anorexigenic factor. GLP-2 is released from enteroendocrine L-cells following food intake and its principal target is represented by the gastrointestinal tract. GLP-2 has been shown to be an important intestinotrophic factor that stimulates epithelial cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis. GLP-2 increases intestinal blood flow and the activity and expression of epithelial brush-border digestive enzymes and nutrie…

endocrine systemintestinal hormones enteric nervous systemGastrointestinal system -- Peptide hormonesGastrointestinal system -- Motilitydigestive oral and skin physiologyGlucagon-Like Peptide 2Settore BIO/09 - Fisiologia
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Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Modulates Neurally-Evoked Mucosal Chloride Secretion in Guinea Pig Small Intestine In Vitro.

2012

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) acts at the G protein-coupled receptor, GLP-1R, to stimulate secretion of insulin and to inhibit secretion of glucagon and gastric acid. Involvement in mucosal secretory physiology has received negligible attention. We aimed to study involvement of GLP-1 in mucosal chloride secretion in the small intestine. Ussing chamber methods, in concert with transmural electrical field stimulation (EFS), were used to study actions on neurogenic chloride secretion. ELISA was used to study GLP-1R effects on neural release of acetylcholine (ACh). Intramural localization of GLP-1R was assessed with immunohistochemistry. Application of GLP-1 to serosal or mucosal sides of fla…

enteric nervous systemgastrointestinal hormonegastrointestinal hormones; neurogenic chloride secretion; enteric nervous systemSettore BIO/09 - Fisiologianeurogenic chloride secretion
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Pathophysiology of non alcoholic fatty liver disease

2016

The physiopathology of fatty liver and metabolic syndrome are influenced by diet, life style and inflammation, which have a major impact on the severity of the clinicopathologic outcome of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. A short comprehensive review is provided on current knowledge of the pathophysiological interplay among major circulating effectors/mediators of fatty liver, such as circulating lipids, mediators released by adipose, muscle and liver tissues and pancreatic and gut hormones in relation to diet, exercise and inflammation.

0301 basic medicineLeptinAdipose tissueReviewDiseaseCatalysilcsh:Chemistry0302 clinical medicineNon-alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseInsulinAdiponectin; Cholesterol; Fatty liver; Free fatty acids; Ghrelin; Glucagon; Glucagon-like peptide 1; Insulin; Insulin resistance; Irisin; Leptin; Selenoprotein P; Adipose Tissue; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Humans; Lipids; Muscles; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Pancreatic Hormones; Catalysis; Molecular Biology; Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition; Spectroscopy; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; Organic Chemistry; Inorganic Chemistrylcsh:QH301-705.5SpectroscopyGastrointestinal HormoneFree fatty acidMusclesFatty liverComputer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern RecognitionGeneral MedicineLipidLipidsPathophysiologyGhrelinComputer Science ApplicationsCholesterolAdipose TissueMuscleAdiponectinmedicine.symptomHumanmedicine.medical_specialtyIrisinSettore MED/12 - GASTROENTEROLOGIA030209 endocrinology & metabolismInflammationBiologyFree fatty acidsCatalysisPancreatic HormoneGastrointestinal HormonesInorganic Chemistry03 medical and health sciencesInternal medicineFatty liverSelenoprotein PmedicineHumansPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryGlucagon-like peptide 1Molecular BiologyOrganic ChemistryNon alcoholicInsulin resistancemedicine.diseaseGut hormonesGlucagonPancreatic Hormones030104 developmental biologyEndocrinologylcsh:Biology (General)lcsh:QD1-999Metabolic syndrome
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β-Glucans and Post Prandial Satiety: The Role of Intestinal Hormones in Healthy Volunteers

2016

Recent interest in intestinal hormones has risen with the idea that they modulate glucose tolerance and food intake through a variety of mechanisms, and such hormones like peptide YY (PYY), ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and 2, and cholecystokinin (CKK) are therefore excellent therapeutic candidates for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. Furthermore, in the recent years, multiple studies suggest that the microbiota is critically important for normal host functions, while impaired host microbiota interactions contribute to the pathogenesis of numerous common metabolic disorders. In this study, we considered the nutraceutical effects of β-glucans added to pasta at the con…

Post-prandialIntestinal Hormonesmedicine.medical_specialtynutritionfluids and secretionsEndocrinologybusiness.industryInternal medicineHealthy volunteersfood and beveragesMedicinebusiness
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Imbalance of expression of bFGF and PK1 is associated with defective maturation and antenatal placental insufficiency.

2013

Abstract Objective Defective placental maturation is associated with restricted functional capacity and adverse perinatal fetal outcomes. The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of the role of mRNA expression of various angiogenic factors in placental maturation defects. Study design We examined the mRNA expression patterns of prokineticin 1 (PK1), its receptors (PKRs), basic-fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF) in tissue from third-trimester placentae that exhibited delayed or accelerated villous maturation. Results The expression of PK1 and PKR2 was elevated in placental tissue exhibiting accelerated maturati…

Placental growth factorVascular Endothelial Growth Factor Amedicine.medical_specialtyPlacenta DiseasesReceptors Peptidemedicine.medical_treatmentPlacentaPregnancy Trimester ThirdPlacental insufficiencyBiologyPregnancy ProteinsReceptors G-Protein-CoupledGastrointestinal Hormoneschemistry.chemical_compoundPregnancyInternal medicinemedicineHumansReceptorPlacenta Growth FactorFetusGrowth factorObstetrics and Gynecologymedicine.diseaseProkineticinVascular endothelial growth factorEndocrinologyReproductive MedicinechemistryPIGFFemaleFibroblast Growth Factor 2Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Endocrine-Gland-DerivedEuropean journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology
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Fibres as functional foods and the effects on gut hormones: The example of β-glucans in a single arm pilot study

2018

Abstract Nutritional styles as Mediterranean and DASH diets are associated with lower incidences of certain chronic diseases and long life expectancy. The reason lays on their different contribution in fibers, polyphenols (from vegetables and fruit) and proteins. Barley is high fiber cereal that contains high amount of β-glucans and insoluble fibers that it was recognized having healthy benefits. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of β-glucans intake on glycaemic response, cholesterol and intestinal hormones levels. A single arm pilot study was performed with ten healthy individual which, consumed pasta enriched with 6% β-glucans for 30 days. Blood was collected at fasting and…

0301 basic medicineIntestinal Hormonesβ-GlucansMedicine (miscellaneous)030209 endocrinology & metabolismAlimentary interventionBiologyFibre03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compound0302 clinical medicineIntestinal hormoneβ-GlucanDashTX341-641Food scienceTest mealSettore MED/04 - Patologia Generale030109 nutrition & dieteticsNutrition and DieteticsCholesterolNutrition. Foods and food supplyFunctional foodfood and beveragesPlasma levelsFibresGut hormonesAlimentary intervention; Fibres; Functional food; Intestinal hormones; β-Glucans; Food Science; Medicine (miscellaneous); Nutrition and DieteticschemistryLow-density lipoproteinIntestinal hormonesFood Science
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